Author: Owen Caldwell

A wolf track runs 3.5 to 5 in long with blunt claw marks and a heavy triangular heel pad. Here is how to measure one and how the stride separates wolf from dog and coyote.

Javelina scat is a dark, segmented mass about 1 to 2 in wide, packed with plant fiber and cactus spines. Here is how to tell it from deer, coyote and dog droppings.

Seeing a bear is read as a call to hold your boundaries. What bear symbolism means in Native American, biblical, Celtic and East Asian traditions, situation by situation.

Chicken tracks are slender three toed prints 2 to 2.75 inches long with claw tips and a rear toe dot. Here is how to read them by substrate and rule out look alikes.

Bison poop is a flat patty 10 to 12 inches across, made of finely ground grass. Here is how to measure it, age it, and separate it from cow, elk and moose scat.

Healthy ferret poop is a smooth brown coil 1 to 2 inches long, dropped four to six times a day. Size, color chart, the three droppings it gets confused with, and the colors that mean a vet visit.

The opossum hind foot leaves a tiny handprint with an opposable thumb. Sizes, stride, and how possum tracks differ from raccoon, cat, fox and coyote.

Seeing a wolf is read as a call to trust your instincts. What the wolf means in Native American, biblical, Celtic and East Asian traditions.

Beaver droppings are marble sized sawdust pellets that sit in shallow water. Here is how to spot them and tell them from otter, muskrat and deer scat.

A bear in a dream points to personal power and the boundaries around it. What a chasing, attacking, sleeping or dead bear is read to mean, tradition by tradition.